Deities in the mountains (Folktales of South American Indigenous peoples 2. - Kogi)

As a sequel to the Following folktales around the world reading challenge, I decided to start reading minority and indigenous folktales. I am currently working my way through the folklore of South American indigenous peoples. You can find previous posts here, and you can follow the challenge on Facebook here.

Mitos Kogi

Manuela Fischer & Konrad Theodor Preuss

Abya-yala, 1989.

The Kogi live in the northern part of Colombia in the Sierra Nevada, numbering about 15,000 people. The book contains 27 myths collected by Konrad Preuss at the beginning of the 20th century, and 16 collected by Manuela Fischer in the 1980s. Most of these stories were told by chiefs when they were ruling on arguments, handing down laws and values through myths to the next generation. It is an interesting read, but didn't have enough notes to explain cultural elements, so occasionally I felt lost in what symbolic parts and actions meant.

Highlights

The first text in the book about the mother goddess was very beautiful; she is the goddess of dance as well, and the story noted that she is the mother of all people (including foreigners). There was a myth about Taiku, the Lord of Gold, who created ritual objects out of gold. The other gods sent him apprentices, but he turned everyone who was not working hard enough into statues of gold.

The story of Kasindukua was exciting: he was supposed to protect people from illness, but started eating people instead, turning into a puma. The other gods worked hard to trap him. There was also an interesting moment in the story where two gods rebelled against Namsiku; Namsiku grew hooks on the tails of armadillos, and when his rivals went hunting they got dragged underground.

Connections

Among the creation stories there was a flood myth, where the earth was first scorched (hence red soil), and then soaked by rain for four years. The motif of party in the sky was also familiar: in this case Bunkuei, the daughter of one of the ancestors flew to the sky and stole the seeds of various plants - which then were stolen and stolen again, spreading around the world.

There were multiple shapeshifter legends in the book. One of them was about a chief named Mama Teizu, who could turn into a tiger, and ate people. They only managed to capture him when another chief shot an arrow and tore off his transforming mask and shirt.

Who's next?

I'm not sure yet...

Gods and emeralds (Following folktales around the world 23. - Colombia)

Today I continue new blog series titled Following folktales around the world! If you would like to know what the series is all about, you can find the introduction post here. You can find all posts under the Following Folktales label, or you can follow the series on Facebook!

Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia
Javier Ocampo López
P&J, 2013.

A collection of a wide range of myths from the indigenous peoples of Colombia. It contains more than 50 stories (sometimes multiple in one chapter), although we do not get a full re-telling of all of them; some are merely mentioned or summarized. On the plus side, the myths are also explained and contextualized by the author, and they come with footnotes, sources, and direct quotes from medieval chronicles. The author/collector also relates them to similar stories outside of South America.

Highlights

My favorite story in the book was the Salt Merchant, whose wares were washed away by a downpour, and the Chibcha god Bochica helped him "reclaim the salt from the water" by teaching them how to evaporate seawater.

There was a beautiful Muzo myth about the origin of Colombia's famous emeralds. In it, the ancestress of humanity, Fura, cheated on her husband Tena with a stranger with blue eyes and a blonde beard. As revenge, Tena killed her and her lover, and then himself. Husband and wife turned into rocks divided by a river; the painful tears of Fura became the first emeralds, and also the first blue Muzo butterflies.
There was a similarly beautiful legend about the birth of the Victoria Regia flower, from a girl who loved the Moon so much she jumped into the river to reach its reflection.
I found many fascinating figures among the gods and heroes of the indigenous peoples. My favorite was probably the Chibcha Huitaca, the "rebel goddess," who preached a life of delights and pleasures to people - until the civilizing male god, Bochica, turned her into an owl. Another intriguing one was The Son of Thunder, a powerful sorcerer from Paeces mythology, who defeated enemy warriors by summoning snakes and throwing them around their necks. I really enjoyed the idea of the Chibcha Nencatacoa, god of revelry and dancing, because he has been transferred over to Christian tradition as Dancind St. Pascual - on his feast day, people light a bonfire, and if the flames leap high, they believe the god/saint is dancing with them.

Of course there is no book of Colombian legends without the legend of El Dorado, which was featured in detail. There were many other stories from the era of colonization as well; some were bloodier than others. The legend of the Chibcha women was memorable, because they managed to drug Spanish soldiers and get away. There was also Gaitana, female chief of the Yalcones, who, after the Spanish burned her son alive, led a long and bloody resistance against them, taking thousands of people into battle (she reminded me of Boudicca).

Connections

I was reminded of Romeo and Juliet by the legend of Pacanchique and Azay, where a chief tried to steal the bride of a young warrior away. The groom and his father gave the girl a potion that made her appear dead; then they stole her body and revived her. While the plan worked, sadly the story still did not have a happy ending...

There were multiple flood myths in the collection. A Muisca tradition blamed the god Chibchacum for the diluge, and he was forced by Bochica to, like Atlas, carry the world on his shoulder as punishment (when he gets tired and shifts to the other shoulder, earthquakes happen). In another myth from the Orinonco, the only human couple that survived the flood recreated people from the fruits of the moriche palm ("the tree of life").
There was also a fascinating legend about the Son of the Sun, the prophet Goranchacha, who was foretold to be born from a virgin girl impregnated by the rays of the sun. Two daughters of a chief went up to the mountain every day to lie naked before the rising sun, until one of them got pregnant... Apart from the obvious Christian comparison, I was also reminded of the myth of Danae, and the Italian folktale Daughter of the Sun.

Where to next?
Venezuela!